ROSIE

Access to ROSIE (Radio Observations of the Solar Indicative Emissions) data and visualisations is provided as part of the ESA SWE Service Network’s General Data Services.
Access full ROSIE datasets through the HAPI API (full instruction access below). Please visit the general HAPI instruction at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/swe-hapi-server for more information.

Objectives

The ROSIE radiotelescope observes on two specific bandwidths in the microwave range, 2.8 GHz (F10.7) and 1GHz (F30). The observations in these frequencies are transformed into indices, since these indices are proxies of the solar UV activity, whose use are key as solar input for thermospheric modelling, in the context of atmospheric drag estimation for satellites. The main objective is providing flux and indices in high cadence and a standard daily flux average.

Additionally, the radiotelescope also provides spectrograms in these bands, which allows the user to explore solar radio bursts in the GHz frequency range.

The ROSIE telescope development has been carried out and currently it is operated by the Institute of Astronomy, University of Wrocław and ITTI, with funding and support from ESA Contract No: 4000131342/20/D/CT.

For further enquiries about data usage, please contact the Helpdesk.

Technical specifications

ROSIE is a radio telescope, 6-m parabolic reflector antenna with 1.8 m focal length, receiving in linear polarisation. Each frequency band is 100 MHz width with 1024 subchannels on spectral sampling (~100 KHz/sample), centred in 1GHz and 2.8 GHz respectively. The bands are the following:

F10.7: 2750-2850 MHz band, centred around 2800 MHz.
F30: 970-1070 MHz, centred around 1020 MHz.

Observatory

The observatory is located in Białków, Poland (N51°.4730, E16°.6589), at the University of Wrocław premises. For more information, please refer to https://rosieradiotel-bialkow.eu/about/observatory.

A Brief History of Solar Radio Flux Monitoring

The radio flux in microwave regular observations in F10.7 started around 1947 in Ottawa, Canada, in the pre-space era, during Solar Cycle #18. It was later moved to Algonquin Radio Observatory⁽¹⁾. Another flux monitor was installed at Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), Pentincton, Canada^(1,2). The observatory definitively relocated in DRAO in1990. The Solar Radio Monitoring Program is a service operated by the National Research Council and Natural Resources Canada with support from the Canadian Space Agency.

Meanwhile in Japan, also radio microwave observations started as earlier as 1951. The F30 flux started to be monitored at Toyokawa site in Japan in 1957 with radio polarimeters, and after moved to Nobeyama in 1954 until now by the Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Mitaka observatory also performed observations in other microwave bands during 1950-960⁽³⁾.

The data typically follow coarsely solar cycles trends, ranging between 50-350 SFU for F10.7 and around 40-200 SFU for F30, as solar flux is lower on lower frequencies.

The ROSIE radiotelescope in Poland constitutes a key capability towards global coverage as 24/7 of these radio fluxes.

(1) The 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), K. F. Tapping. DOI:10.1002/swe.20064
(2) https://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/forecast-prevision/solar-solaire/solarflux/sx-2-en.php
(3) Over seven decades of solar microwave data obtained with Toyokawa and Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters. Masumi Shimojo, Kazumasa Iwai. DOI: 10.1002/gdj3.165

ROSIE datasets

The ROSIE datasets are served as flux records in CSV format, with the original sampling of ~0.01s, and averaged into 1 second, 1 hour, and 1 day for F10.7 and F30. Datasets are averaged from the raw available data (~0.01s) into the given cadence.

Additionally radio spectrograms on F10.7 and F30 bands are also available, aiming for radio burst detection. The ~0.01s (original sampling) and the averaged 1second cadence data are provided in files of 5 min duration. The format offered is CSV, plus additional FITS format for the radio spectra. The FITS header comprises standard FITS metadata and observation conditions. The radio spectrograms are 100 MHz for each band, with 1024 subchannels (as pixels in Y direction), with sampling ~100 kHz/subchannel.

All datasets are provided in Solar Flux Units (1 SFU, 10^-22 W m^-2 Hz^-1) and are accessible via HAPI.

What information the ESA SWE Service Network Portal provides on ROSIE data

Instruction for retrieving data via HAPI API

The query string to retrieve the data via HAPI is a combination of a query root and one or more parameters such as time and data format. The query shall contain the root to the ESA Space Weather data, identifiers pointing to the ROSIE datasets, time selection and optionally data format. Please use the following instructions at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/swe-hapi-server.

Name	Description
dataset	Required The identifier for the dataset as listed in the /catalog endpoint.
time.min	Required The inclusive begin time for the data to include in the response.
time.max	Required The exclusive end time for the data to include in the response.
parameters	Optional A comma-separated list of parameters to include in the response. Default is all parameters.
include	Optional Has one possible value of "header" to indicate that the info header should precede the data.
format	Optional The desired format for the data stream. Default is "csv".

Dataset denominations (/Catalog IDs) and formats

Flux data:

raw_f10_7_flux (.csv); F10.7 flux on original sampling (~0.01s)
raw_f30_flux (.csv); F30 flux on original sampling (~0.01s)
avg_f10_7_flux (.csv); One-second averaged F10.7 flux
avg_f30_flux (.csv); One-second averaged F30 flux
avg_f10_7_1h_flux (.csv); Hourly averaged F10.7 flux
avg_f30_1h_flux (.csv); Hourly averaged F30 flux
avg_f10_7_1d_flux (.csv containing link to download &zipped .fits and .csv); Daily averaged F10.7 flux
avg_f30_1d_flux (.csv containing link to download& zipped .fits and .csv); Daily averaged F30 flux

Spectral data:

Raw_radioburst_10_cm (.csv); F10.7spectrogram on original sampling (~0.01s), 5-min duration.
Raw_radioburst_30_cm (.csv); F30 spectrogram on original sampling (~0.01s), 5-min duration.
Avg_radioburst_10_cm (.csv & .fits); F10.7 one-second averaged spectrogram, 5-min duration.
Avg_radioburst_30_cm (.csv & .fits); F30 One-second averaged spectrogram, 5-min duration.

Example queriesy (data with activity in radio due to a X2.5-class flare):

Download several hours of 1 second averaged F10.7 flux: https://rosie-hapi.itti.com.pl/hapi/data?id=avg_f10_7_flux&time.min=2026-04-24T08:00:00Z&time.max=2026-04-24T12:00:00

Download several days of daily averaged F30 flux: https://rosie-hapi.itti.com.pl/hapi/data?id=avg_f30_1d_flux&time.min=2026-04-24T08:00:00Z&time.max=2026-04-28T12:00:00

Download a 1-s averaged F10.7 spectra as several 5-minute FITS during one hour: https://rosie-hapi.itti.com.pl/hapi/data?id=avg_radioburst_10_cm&time.min=2026-04-24T08:00:00Z&time.max=2026-04-24T09:00:00

To note:

Data may contain calibrations (see e.g. constant signals) in a given dataset.
The one-second, hourly and daily values are averaged from the raw available observations.
Please be aware that due to its size, querying several raw spectrogram bursts or raw flux by HAPI download is limited to 1 day.