Increased Crew Radiation Exposure Risk
Welcome to the Human Spaceflight - Increased crew radiation exposure risk service
Overview
The service “Human Spaceflight: Increased crew radiation exposure risk” aims to provide information which can be used to help estimate the expected in-flight radiation dose. Radiation environments considered include solar energetic particles, galactic cosmic rays, and Earth’s radiation belts. This service is made possible by providing forecasts of local area radiation fluxes combined with spacecraft and human phantom shielding geometry models. The service is intended for personnel involved in monitoring the expected radiation environment during crewed space missions.
This service is implemented through a combination of products, tools and alerts which can be found through the sections below along with expert support provided by the teams constituting the ESA Space Weather Service Network. Should you require further guidance in the use of this service, or have specific questions about any aspects of the service presented here, don’t hesitate to contact the Helpdesk.
Highlights
Announcements
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Products and Alerts
Products
Solar Activity: (Near-) Real-time Measurements
10.7cm Solar Radio Flux (F10.7)
No product available in this category yet
Solar Activity: Forecasts
Solar Flares
Coronal Holes
Solar Disc Magnetic Fields
International Sunspot number
10.7cm Solar Radio Flux (F10.7)
- CLS F10.7 and F30 nowcast & forecast
- UGraz/KSO Latest F10.7 and F30 forecasts
- SIDC Latest 10.7cm Solar radio flux (F10.7) forecast
- F10.7 Index Forecast 27-day/BGS
- F10.7 Index Forecast multi-year
- F10.7 Index Forecast 27-day/SWPC
- F10.7 Index Forecast 45-day
- F10.7 Index Forecast 30-day Absolute
- F10.7 Index Forecast 30-day Adjusted
Solar EUV Index (S10.7)
No product available in this category yet
Solar EUV Index (E10.7)
No product available in this category yet
Solar FUV Index (M10.7)
No product available in this category yet
Solar X-ray & UV Index (Y10.7)
No product available in this category yet
Ionospheric Index (IG12)
EUV Images of Sun
White Light Solar Imaging
Soft X-ray Images of the Sun
No product available in this category yet
Solar EUV Images Outside of Sun-Earth Line
No product available in this category yet
Solar Coronagraphic Images Outside of Sun-Earth Line
No product available in this category yet
White-light wide-angle Coronagraph Images
No product available in this category yet
Solar X-ray Flux
No product available in this category yet
Solar EUV Integrated Flux
No product available in this category yet
Solar UV Flux
No product available in this category yet
Interplanetary Medium at L1: Forecasts
High Energy >10 MeV Protons
High Energy >10 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
1-10 MeV Protons
No product available in this category yet
1-10 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
0.03-1 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
2-50 MeV Solar Electrons
No product available in this category yet
30 keV-8 MeV Electrons
No product available in this category yet
Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Solar Wind Bulk Velocity
- SIDC Latest daily space weather bulletin
- Solar Wind Forecast Speed Comparison
- Near-Earth solar wind forecasts (WSA-Enlil + Ensemble)
- Empirical solar wind speed forecast
- Empirical solar wind speed forecast
- Solar wind speed forecast (STEREO-A persistence model)
- AWARE_NEXT Enhanced 24 hour solar wind forecast
- SWiFT
Solar Wind Bulk Density
Interplanetary Medium Outside L1: Forecasts
Solar Energetic Particle Events
Magnetospheric Environment: (Near-) Real-time Measurements
Plasma Drift Velocity
No product available in this category yet
Magnetospheric Environment: Forecasts
Geomagnetic Storm Condition
Geomagnetic Indices Kp and K
Geomagnetic Index Ap and A
Geomagnetic Index Dst
High Energy >10 MeV Protons
High Energy >10 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
1-10 MeV Protons
No product available in this category yet
1-10 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
0.03-1 MeV/nuc Ions
No product available in this category yet
30 keV-8 MeV Electrons
Thermal and Supra-thermal Electron and Ion Energy Spectra
Thermal Ions Density and Temperature
No product available in this category yet
Thermospheric and Atmospheric Conditions: Forecasts
Local External Magnetic Field on Ground
Spacecraft Effects and Anomalies: (Near-) Real-time Measurements
Spacecraft Radiation Monitors
- Radiation environment inside ISS
- PROBA-1/SREM dataset on SEDAT
- Integral/SREM dataset on SEDAT
- PROBA-1/SREM radiation rates
- Integral/SREM radiation rates
- EDRS-C/NGRM L2 Electron differential fluxes
- EDRS-C/NGRM L2 Proton differential fluxes
- GEO Multiple electron flux measurements
Spacecraft Effects and Anomalies: Forecasts
Orbital Data of Spacecraft Carrying Space Weather Instruments
Tools
User Manual
Particle radiation in the form of Solar Energetic Particles and Galactic Cosmic Rays is considered the main hazard for human spaceflight, specifically when considering a potential return trip to the Moon or interplanetary travel in general. Even at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) like the International Space Station, particle radiation poses a risk as energetic particles can penetrate deep into the magnetosphere, in particular in the polar regions. Furthermore, spacecraft passing the Van Allen radiation belts need to take into account the increased radiation levels in these regions. Forecasting the space environment to evaluate the possible health effects of space particle radiation on humans is therefore necessary.
Near-Earth environment forecasts
Forecasts for solar proton events are provided by the COMESEP, HESPERIA and Alert/E products. The COMESEP Alert System delivers fully automated alerts for the risk of an SEP event with protons energies >10 MeV and >60 MeV following the obervation of a M- or X- class flare. HESPERIA REleASE uses near relativistic electron measurements to provide a forecast for 15.8-39.8 MeV and 28.2-50.1 MeV protons with a lead time of up to 90 minutes, while the HESPERIA UMASEP-500 scheme issues a >500 MeV SEP prediction based on a time lag-correlation of solar electromagnetic flux with the particle flux near Earth. Alert/E provides the probability for a solar radiation storm of protons with energies >10 MeV for the next 4 days and is updated twice daily by the forecaster of the Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre (MOSWOC). Forecasts for geomagnetic storms in terms of indices are provided by the UAH, IRF, ALert/E and FORIND products.Solar Activity forecasts and propagation through the heliosphere
Solar Flares forecasts are provided by automatic tools (A-Effort, Flarecast) and human forecasters (ROB/SIDC, UKMO). The CME propagation times are provided by DBEM and Enlil/E. To track CMEs, corotating streams and energetic particles in the heliosphere, the tool PROPTOOL can be used. The SIDC also provides a daily space weather bulletin. MoreInterruptions
❗ Warning: Please note that interactive functionalities of the COMESEP interface are currently disabled due to a technical issue. Users subscribed to email alerts will continue to receive alerts. New subscriptions are temporarily not possible. To change threshold settings, unsubscribe or for more information, please contact the helpdesk.
❗Due to current unavailability of the SDO input data the performance of some products is affected.